The former Hunslet, Keighley and Dewsbury player has had persistent knee trouble in recent seasons.
He said: "Injuries have finally taken their toll.
"I didn't think I'd be retiring at 25, but at least I've finished with the best group of lads I've ever been involved with."
Oldham coach Matt Diskin said: "Cam's body has given up on him. He's made the right decision.
"We've been helping him to get his head round it and we're always here to help."
He is the second Oldham player to retire on medical advice in the last few months, following forward Ed Smith, who was also experiencing persistent knee problems.
In addition, hooker Matty Wilkinson suffered a broken leg in pre-season training.
